@article{Rig15-CoRR-TR, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Introduzione all'intelligenza artificiale}, journal = {CoRR}, volume = {abs/1511.04352}, year = {2015}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.04352}, note = {Published as Fabrizio Riguzzi, Introduzione all'Intelligenza Artificiale, Terre di Confine, 2(1), January 2006, License CC-BY}, abstract = { The paper presents an introduction to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in an accessible and informal but precise form. The paper focuses on the algorithmic aspects of the discipline, presenting the main techniques used in AI systems groped in symbolic and subsymbolic. The last part of the paper is devoted to the discussion ongoing among experts in the field and the public at large about on the advantages and disadvantages of AI and in particular on the possible dangers. The personal opinion of the author on this subject concludes the paper. ----- L'articolo presenta un'introduzione all'Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) in forma divulgativa e informale ma precisa. L'articolo affronta prevalentemente gli aspetti informatici della disciplina, presentando le principali tecniche usate nei sistemi di IA divise in simboliche e subsimboliche. L'ultima parte dell'articolo presenta il dibattito in corso tra gli esperi e il pubblico su vantaggi e svantaggi dell'IA e in particolare sui possibili pericoli. L'articolo termina con l'opinione dell'autore al riguardo.}, keywords = {Intelligenza Artificiale, Artificial Intelligence}, copyright = {CC-BY} }
@inproceedings{CotZes15-AIIADC-IW, title = {Learning Probabilistic Ontologies with Distributed Parameter Learning }, author = {Giuseppe Cota and Riccardo Zese and Elena Bellodi and Evelina Lamma and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, pages = {7--12}, pdf = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1485/paper2.pdf}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium (DC) co-located with the 14th Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA 2015)}, year = 2015, editor = {Elena Bellodi and Alessio Bonfietti}, volume = 1485, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, issn = {1613-0073}, venue = {Ferrara, Italy}, eventdate = {2015-09-23/24}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, copyright = {by the authors}, abstract = { We consider the problem of learning both the structure and the parameters of Probabilistic Description Logics under DISPONTE. DISPONTE ("DIstribution Semantics for Probabilistic ONTologiEs") adapts the distribution semantics for Probabilistic Logic Programming to Description Logics. The system LEAP for "LEArning Probabilistic description logics" learns both the structure and the parameters of DISPONTE knowledge bases (KBs) by exploiting the algorithms CELOE and EDGE. The former stands for "Class Expression Learning for Ontology Engineering" and it is used to generate good candidate axioms to add to the KB, while the latter learns the probabilistic parameters and evaluates the KB. EDGE for "Em over bDds for description loGics paramEter learning" is an algorithm for learning the parameters of probabilistic ontologies from data. In order to contain the computational cost, a distributed version of EDGE called EDGEMR was developed. EDGEMR exploits the MapReduce (MR) strategy by means of the Message Passing Interface. In this paper we propose the system LEAPMR. It is a re-engineered version of LEAP which is able to use distributed parallel parameter learning algorithms such as EDGEMR. }, keywords = {Probabilistic Description Logics, Structure Learning, Parameter Learning, MapReduce, Message Passing Interface. } }
@inproceedings{ZesBel15-AIIADC-IW, title = {Tableau Reasoners for Probabilistic Ontologies Exploiting Logic Programming Techniques}, author = {Riccardo Zese and Elena Bellodi and Fabrizio Riguzzi and Evelina Lamma}, pages = {1--6}, pdf = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1485/paper1.pdf}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Doctoral Consortium (DC) co-located with the 14th Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence (AI*IA 2015)}, year = 2015, editor = {Elena Bellodi and Alessio Bonfietti}, volume = 1485, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, issn = {1613-0073}, venue = {Ferrara, Italy}, eventdate = {2015-09-23/24}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, copyright = {by the authors}, abstract = {The adoption of Description Logics for modeling real world domains within the Semantic Web is exponentially increased in the last years, also due to the availability of a large number of reasoning algorithms. Most of them exploit the tableau algorithm which has to manage non-determinism, a feature that is not easy to handle using procedural languages such as Java or C++. Reasoning on real world domains also requires the capability of managing probabilistic and uncertain information. We thus present TRILL, for "Tableau Reasoner for descrIption Logics in proLog" and TRILLP , for "TRILL powered by Pinpointing formulas", which implement the tableau algorithm and return the probability of queries. TRILLP , instead of the set of explanations for a query, computes a Boolean formula representing them, speeding up the computation. }, keywords = {Distribution Semantics, Probabilistic Semantic Web, Logic Programming, Description Logics}, scopus = {2-s2.0-85009168558} }
@article{Rig15-MNc-RE, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Review of {De Raedt, Luc; Kimmig, Angelika Probabilistic (logic) programming concepts. Mach. Learn. 100 (2015), no. 1, 5--47}}, journal = {Mathematical Reviews}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, copyright = {American Mathematical Society}, year = {2015}, month = {November}, issn = {2167-5163}, mrnumber = {3372146}, mrreviewer = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, url = {http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3372146}, keywords = {Distribution Semantics, Probabilistic Logic Programming, Probabilistic Programming, Machine Learning} }
@article{Rig15-MNb-RE, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Review of {Wakaki, Toshiko Preference-based argumentation built from prioritized logic programming. J. Logic Comput. 25 (2015), no. 2, 251-301. }}, journal = {Mathematical Reviews}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, copyright = {American Mathematical Society}, year = {2015}, month = {September}, issn = {2167-5163}, mrnumber = {3365502}, mrreviewer = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, url = {http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3365502}, keywords = {Argumentation, Logic Programming} }
@article{Rig15-MNa-RE, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Review of {Cinicioglu, Esma Nur Decision making with consonant belief functions: discrepancy resulting with the probability transformation method used. Yugosl. J. Oper. Res. 24 (2014), no. 3, 359-370}}, journal = {Mathematical Reviews}, publisher = {American Mathematical Society}, copyright = {American Mathematical Society}, year = {2015}, month = {August}, issn = {2167-5163}, mrnumber = {3278420}, mrreviewer = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, url = {http://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=3278420}, keywords = {Belief functions, Dempster/Shaffer Theory of Evidence} }
@proceedings{AIXIA2015-EB, title = {AI*IA 2015, Advances in Artificial Intelligence, XIVth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, Ferrara, Italy, September 23-25, 2015, Proceedings}, year = 2015, editor = {Marco Gavanelli and Evelina Lamma and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, volume = {9336}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Heidelberg, Germany}, series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science}, issn = {0302-9743}, url = {http://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-24309-2}, venue = {Ferrara, Italy}, eventdate = {September 23-25, 2015}, copyright = {Springer International Publishing Switzerland}, printisbn = {978-3-319-24308-5}, onlineisbn = {978-3-319-24309-2}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-24309-2} }
@inproceedings{Rig15-PLP-IW, title = {The Distribution Semantics is Well-Defined for All Normal Programs}, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi}, pages = {69--84}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1413/#paper-06}, pdf = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1413/paper-06.pdf}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP)}, year = 2015, editor = {Fabrizio Riguzzi and Joost Vennekens}, volume = 1413, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, issn = {1613-0073}, venue = {Cork, Ireland}, eventdate = {2015-08-31}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, copyright = {by the authors}, abstract = {The distribution semantics is an approach for integrating logic programming and probability theory that underlies many languages and has been successfully applied in many domains. When the program has function symbols, the semantics was defined for special cases: either the program has to be definite or the queries must have a finite number of finite explanations. In this paper we show that it is possible to define the semantics for all programs. }, keywords = {Distribution Semantics, Function Symbols, ProbLog, Probabilistic Logic Programming} }
@proceedings{RigVen15-PLP-EB, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP)}, title = {Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Probabilistic Logic Programming (PLP)}, year = 2015, editor = {Fabrizio Riguzzi and Joost Vennekens}, volume = 1413, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, issn = {1613-0073}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1413/}, venue = {Cork, Ireland}, eventdate = {2015-08-31}, copyright = {by the authors}, keywords = {Probabilistic Logic Programming, Logic Programming, Probabilistic Programming, Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence} }
@inproceedings{WieTorRig15-IULP-IW, booktitle = {International Workshop on User-Oriented Logic Programming {(IULP 2015)}}, editor = {Stefan Ellmauthaler and Claudia Schulz}, title = {{SWISH: SWI-Prolog} for Sharing}, author = {Jan Wielemaker and Torbj\"orn Lager and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, copyright = {by the authors}, year = {2015}, url = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1511.00915}, abstract = {Recently, we see a new type of interfaces for programmers based on web technology. For example, JSFiddle, IPython Notebook and R-studio. Web technology enables cloud-based solutions, embedding in tutorial web pages, attractive rendering of results, web-scale cooperative development, etc. This article describes SWISH, a web front-end for Prolog. A public website exposes SWIProlog using SWISH, which is used to run small Prolog programs for demonstration, experimentation and education. We connected SWISH to the ClioPatria semantic web toolkit, where it allows for collaborative development of programs and queries related to a dataset as well as performing maintenance tasks on the running server and we embedded SWISH in the Learn Prolog Now! online Prolog book. }, keywords = {Logic Programming, World Wide Web} }
@inproceedings{CotZesBel15-ECMLDC-IW, year = {2015}, booktitle = {Doctoral Consortium of the European Conference on Machine Learning and Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases}, editor = {Jaakko Hollmen and Panagiotis Papapetrou }, title = {Structure Learning with Distributed Parameter Learning for Probabilistic Ontologies}, author = {Giuseppe Cota and Riccardo Zese and Elena Bellodi and Evelina Lamma and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, pages = {75--84}, copyright = {by the authors}, url = {http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-60-6443-7}, pdf = {https://aaltodoc.aalto.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/18224/isbn9789526064437.pdf#page=79}, isbn = {978-952-60-6443-7}, issn = {1799-490X}, issn = {1799-4896}, abstract = {We consider the problem of learning both the structure and the parameters of Probabilistic Description Logics under DISPONTE. DISPONTE ("DIstribution Semantics for Probabilistic ONTologiEs") adapts the distribution semantics for Probabilistic Logic Programming to Description Logics. The system LEAP for "LEArning Probabilistic description logics" learns both the structure and the parameters of DISPONTE knowledge bases (KBs) by exploiting the algorithms CELOE and EDGE. The former stands for "Class Expression Learning for Ontology Engineering" and it is used to generate good candidate axioms to add to the KB, while the latter learns the probabilistic parameters and evaluates the KB. EDGE for "Em over bDds for description loGics paramEter learning" is an algorithm for learning the parameters of probabilistic ontologies from data. In order to contain the computational cost, a distributed version of EDGE called EDGEMR was developed. EDGEMR exploits the MapReduce (MR) strategy by means of the Message Passing Interface. In this paper we propose the system LEAPMR. It is a re-engineered version of LEAP which is able to use distributed parallel parameter learning algorithms such as EDGEMR.}, keywords = {Probabilistic Description Logics, Structure Learning, Parameter Learning, MapReduce, Message Passing Interface} }
@inproceedings{GavLamRig15-ICLP-IC, editor = {De Vos, Marina and Thomas Eiter and Yuliya Lierler and Francesca Toni}, title = {An abductive Framework for {Datalog+-} Ontologies}, author = {Marco Gavanelli and Evelina Lamma and Fabrizio Riguzzi and Elena Bellodi and Riccardo Zese and Giuseppe Cota}, booktitle = {Technical Communications of the 31st Int'l. Conference on Logic Programming (ICLP 2015)}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, issn = {1613-0073}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, copyright = {by the authors}, year = {2015}, keywords = {Probabilistic Logic Programming, Lifted Inference, Variable Elimination, Distribution Semantics, ProbLog, Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence}, abstract = { Ontologies are a fundamental component of the Semantic Web since they provide a formal and machine manipulable model of a domain. Description Logics (DLs) are often the languages of choice for modeling ontologies. Great effort has been spent in identifying decidable or even tractable fragments of DLs. Conversely, for knowledge representation and reasoning, integration with rules and rule-based reasoning is crucial in the so-called Semantic Web stack vision. Datalog+- is an extension of Datalog which can be used for representing lightweight ontologies, and is able to express the DL-Lite family of ontology languages, with tractable query answering under certain language restrictions. In this work, we show that Abductive Logic Programming (ALP) is also a suitable framework for representing Datalog+- ontologies, supporting query answering through an abductive proof procedure, and smoothly achieving the integration of ontologies and rule-based reasoning. In particular, we consider an Abductive Logic Programming framework named SCIFF, and derived from the IFF abductive framework, able to deal with existentially (and universally) quantified variables in rule heads, and Constraint Logic Programming constraints. Forward and backward reasoning is naturally supported in the ALP framework. We show that the SCIFF language smoothly supports the integration of rules, expressed in a Logic Programming language, with Datalog+- ontologies, mapped into SCIFF (forward) integrity constraints. }, keywords = {Abductive Logic Programming, Datalog+-, Description Logics, Semantic Web.}, number = {1433}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1433/tc_89.pdf} }
@inproceedings{GavLamRig15-CILC15-NC, title = {Abductive Logic Programming for {Datalog+-} Ontologies}, author = {Marco Gavanelli and Evelina Lamma and Fabrizio Riguzzi and Elena Bellodi and Riccardo Zese and Giuseppe Cota}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 30th Italian Conference on Computational Logic ({CILC2015}), Genova, Italy, 1-3 July 2015}, editor = {Davide Ancona and Marco Maratea and Viviana Mascardi}, year = {2015}, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, issn = {1613-0073}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, copyright = {by the authors}, abstract = { Ontologies are a fundamental component of the Semantic Web since they provide a formal and machine manipulable model of a domain. Description Logics (DLs) are often the languages of choice for modeling ontologies. Great effort has been spent in identifying decidable or even tractable fragments of DLs. Conversely, for knowledge representation and reasoning, integration with rules and rule-based reasoning is crucial in the so-called Semantic Web stack vision. Datalog+- is an extension of Datalog which can be used for representing lightweight ontologies, and is able to express the DL-Lite family of ontology languages, with tractable query answering under certain language restrictions. In this work, we show that Abductive Logic Programming (ALP) is also a suitable framework for representing Datalog+- ontologies, supporting query answering through an abductive proof procedure, and smoothly achieving the integration of ontologies and rule-based reasoning. In particular, we consider an Abductive Logic Programming framework named SCIFF, and derived from the IFF abductive framework, able to deal with existentially (and universally) quantified variables in rule heads, and Constraint Logic Programming constraints. Forward and backward reasoning is naturally supported in the ALP framework. The SCIFF language smoothly supports the integration of rules, expressed in a Logic Programming language, with Datalog+- ontologies, mapped into SCIFF (forward) integrity constraints. The main advantage is that this integration is achieved within a single language, grounded on abduction in computational logic. }, keywords = { Abductive Logic Programming, Description Logics, Semantic Web}, number = {1459}, pages = {128-143}, url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1459/paper21.pdf} }
@inproceedings{RigBel15-IJCAI-IC, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi and Elena Bellodi and Evelina Lamma and Riccardo Zese}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Fourth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 25-31 July 2015}, title = {Reasoning with Probabilistic Ontologies}, year = {2015}, editor = {Qiang Yang and Michael Wooldridge}, pages = {4310-4316}, publisher = {AAAI Press / International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence}, address = {Palo Alto, California USA}, copyright = {International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence }, isbn = {978-1-57735-738-4}, pdf = {http://ijcai.org/papers15/Papers/IJCAI15-613.pdf}, keywords = {Probabilistic Ontologies, Probabilistic Description Logics, OWL, Probabilistic Logic Programming, Distribution Semantics}, abstract = {Modeling real world domains requires ever more frequently to represent uncertain information. The DISPONTE semantics for probabilistic description logics allows to annotate axioms of a knowledge base with a value that represents their probability. In this paper we discuss approaches for performing inference from probabilistic ontologies following the DISPONTE semantics. We present the algorithm BUNDLE for computing the probability of queries. BUNDLE exploits an underlying Description Logic reasoner, such as Pellet, in order to find explanations for a query. These are then encoded in a Binary Decision Diagram that is used for computing the probability of the query.}, issn = {10450823}, wos = {WOS:000442637804062}, scopus = {2-s2.0-84949759647} }
@inproceedings{ZesBel15-OntoLP-IW, author = {Riccardo Zese and Elena Bellodi and Evelina Lamma and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Logic Programming Techniques for Reasoning with Probabilistic Ontologies}, booktitle = { Joint Ontology Workshops 2015, JOWO 2015 - Episode 1: The Argentine Winter of Ontology; Buenos Aires; Argentina; 25 July 2015 through 27 July 2015}, editor = {Odile Papini and Salem Benferhat and Laurent Garcia and Marie-Laure Mugnier and Eduardo Fermé and Thomas Meyer and Renata Wassermann and Torsten Hahmann and Ken Baclawski and Adila Krisnadhi and Pavel Klinov and Stefano Borgo and Oliver Kutz and Daniele Porello}, year = {2015}, pdf = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1517/JOWO-15_ontolp_paper_3.pdf}, volume = 1517, series = {CEUR Workshop Proceedings}, address = {Aachen, Germany}, issn = {1613-0073}, venue = {Buenos Aires, Argentine}, eventdate = {2015-07-25/27}, publisher = {Sun {SITE} Central Europe}, keywords = {Description Logics, Tableau, Prolog, Semantic Web, Pinpoiting Formula}, abstract = {The increasing popularity of the Semantic Web drove to a widespread adoption of Description Logics (DLs) for modeling real world domains. To help the diffusion of DLs a large number of reasoning algorithms have been developed. Usually these algorithms are implemented in procedural languages such as Java or C++. Most of the reasoners exploit the tableau algorithm which has to manage non-determinism, a feature that is hard to handle using such languages. Reasoning on real world domains also requires the capability of managing probabilistic and uncertain information. We thus present TRILL for ``Tableau Reasoner for descrIption Logics in proLog'' that implements a tableau algorithm and is able to return explanations for the queries and the corresponding probability, and TRILL$^P$ for ``TRILL powered by Pinpointing formulas'' which is able to compute a Boolean formula representing the set of explanations for the query. This approach can speed up the process of computing the probability. Prolog non-determinism is used for easily handling the tableau's non-deterministic expansion rules.}, copyright = {CC0 \url{https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/}} }
@article{DiMBelRig15-ML-IJ, author = {Di Mauro, Nicola and Elena Bellodi and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Bandit-Based {Monte-Carlo} Structure Learning of Probabilistic Logic Programs}, journal = {Machine Learning}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, copyright = {Springer International Publishing}, year = {2015}, volume = {100}, number = {1}, pages = {127-156}, month = {July}, doi = {10.1007/s10994-015-5510-3}, url = {http://ml.unife.it/wp-content/uploads/Papers/DiMBelRig-ML15.pdf}, keywords = {probabilistic inductive logic programming, statistical relational learning, structure learning, distribution semantics, logic programs with annotated disjunction}, abstract = {Probabilistic Logic Programming can be used to model domains with complex and uncertain relationships among entities. While the problem of learning the parameters of such programs has been considered by various authors, the problem of learning the structure is yet to be explored in depth. In this work we present an approximate search method based on a one-player game approach, called LEMUR. It sees the problem of learning the structure of a probabilistic logic program as a multiarmed bandit problem, relying on the Monte-Carlo tree search UCT algorithm that combines the precision of tree search with the generality of random sampling. LEMUR works by modifying the UCT algorithm in a fashion similar to FUSE, that considers a finite unknown horizon and deals with the problem of having a huge branching factor. The proposed system has been tested on various real-world datasets and has shown good performance with respect to other state of the art statistical relational learning approaches in terms of classification abilities.}, note = {The original publication is available at \url{http://link.springer.com}} }
@article{RigBelLamZes15-SW-IJ, author = {Fabrizio Riguzzi and Elena Bellodi and Evelina Lamma and Riccardo Zese}, title = {Probabilistic Description Logics under the Distribution Semantics}, journal = {Semantic Web - Interoperability, Usability, Applicability}, volume = {6}, number = {5}, pages = {447-501}, pdf = {http://ml.unife.it/wp-content/uploads/Papers/RigBelLamZes-SW14.pdf}, year = {2015}, doi = {10.3233/SW-140154}, abstract = { Representing uncertain information is crucial for modeling real world domains. In this paper we present a technique for the integration of probabilistic information in Description Logics (DLs) that is based on the distribution semantics for probabilistic logic programs. In the resulting approach, that we called DISPONTE, the axioms of a probabilistic knowledge base (KB) can be annotated with a real number between 0 and 1. A probabilistic knowledge base then defines a probability distribution over regular KBs called worlds and the probability of a given query can be obtained from the joint distribution of the worlds and the query by marginalization. We present the algorithm BUNDLE for computing the probability of queries from DISPONTE KBs. The algorithm exploits an underlying DL reasoner, such as Pellet, that is able to return explanations for queries. The explanations are encoded in a Binary Decision Diagram from which the probability of the query is computed. The experimentation of BUNDLE shows that it can handle probabilistic KBs of realistic size. }, keywords = { Probabilistic Ontologies, Probabilistic Description Logics, OWL, Probabilistic Logic Programming, Distribution Semantics} }
@article{BelRig15-TPLP-IJ, author = {Elena Bellodi and Fabrizio Riguzzi}, title = {Structure Learning of Probabilistic Logic Programs by Searching the Clause Space}, journal = {Theory and Practice of Logic Programming}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, copyright = {Cambridge University Press}, year = {2015}, volume = {15}, number = {2}, pages = {169-212}, pdf = {http://arxiv.org/abs/1309.2080}, url = {http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S1471068413000689}, doi = {10.1017/S1471068413000689}, keywords = {probabilistic inductive logic programming, statistical relational learning, structure learning, distribution semantics, logic programs with annotated disjunction, CP-logic}, abstract = {Learning probabilistic logic programming languages is receiving an increasing attention, and systems are available for learning the parameters (PRISM, LeProbLog, LFI-ProbLog and EMBLEM) or both structure and parameters (SEM-CP-logic and SLIPCASE) of these languages. In this paper we present the algorithm SLIPCOVER for "Structure LearnIng of Probabilistic logic programs by searChing OVER the clause space." It performs a beam search in the space of probabilistic clauses and a greedy search in the space of theories using the log likelihood of the data as the guiding heuristics. To estimate the log likelihood, SLIPCOVER performs Expectation Maximization with EMBLEM. The algorithm has been tested on five real world datasets and compared with SLIPCASE, SEM-CP-logic, Aleph and two algorithms for learning Markov Logic Networks (Learning using Structural Motifs (LSM) and ALEPH++ExactL1). SLIPCOVER achieves higher areas under the precision-recall and receiver operating characteristic curves in most cases.} }
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